![]() The popular Maccann system was developed towards the end of the century meanwhile, German manufacturers were producing concertinas with more than 20 keys for local sale. In the 1850s, the Anglo-German concertina's ability to play both melody and accompaniment led English manufacturers to start developing the various duet systems. English concertinas were most popular as parlor instruments for classical music, while German concertinas were more associated with the popular dance music at that time. German or Anglo-German concertinas were regarded as a lower-class instrument while the English concertina had an air of bourgeois respectability. The difference in prices and the common uses of the English and German systems led to something of a class distinction between the two. Both systems continued to evolve into the current forms as the popularity of the instrument increased. In the mid-1830s concertinas were manufactured and sold in Germany and England, in two types specific to the country. Irish historian Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin 19th century The name Franglo blends the words French and Anglo. The system has the construction and reed-work of a concertina, with the buttons at the sides, but layout of the buttons is that of a melodeon. The "Franglo" system concertina was developed by the luthiers C & R Dipper, in cooperation with Emmanuel Pariselle, known for his expertise as a professional player of the two-and-a-half row diatonic melodeon. English manufacturers responded to this popularity by offering their own versions using traditional English methods: concertina reeds instead of long-plate reeds, independent pivots for each button, and hexagon-shaped ends, resulting in the modern Anglo concertina. Within a few years of its invention, the German concertina was a popular import in England, Ireland, and North America, due to its ease of use and relatively low price. The button layouts are generally the same as the original 20-button German concertinas designed by Uhlig in 1834, and in a bisonoric system. The Anglo or Anglo-German concertina is, historically, a hybrid between the English and German concertinas. ĭuet concertina, English concertina, Anglo concertina German concertinas also sometimes have more than one reed per note, which produces a vibrato effect if their tuning differs slightly. German concertinas, developed in Germany for its local market and diaspora, are usually larger than English concertinas, and are generally bisonoric, using a different style of "long plate" reeds, and are often square, as opposed to hexagonal. ![]() Wheatstone was also the first to patent a duet concertina, in 1844. The English concertina is credited to Sir Charles Wheatstone, who first patented such a design in 1829 in Great Britain. The duet system features the lower notes on the left, and higher notes on the right, facilitating the playing of interlaced harmonies and melodies. The English system alternates the notes of the scale between two hands, enabling rapid melodies. Both of these English instruments are smaller than German concertinas, and are usually hexagonal in shape, though occasionally featuring 8, 10, or 12 sides. Both systems generally play a chromatic scale and are unisonoric, with each key producing the same note whether the bellows are being pushed or pulled. The English concertina and the Duet concertina bear similarities in history and construction.
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